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WarChron - Southwest Front Operations

 

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The Year 1916

In the Black Sea, in operations that lasted until 8 August, Russian warships laid 820 mines in a semi-circle north of the Bosporus mouth attempting to prevent sorties by the Goeben and Breslau and to halt ship traffic from Bulgarian and Turkish coal producing areas.

During July, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Count Burian communicated a plan to the German Chancellor, outlining a counter-proposal on the Polish question, which would set up a sovereign Polish state as an hereditary kingdom. Burian urged a speedy solution so their policy might as quickly as possible be uniform with regard to the Poles.

Despite the war, trade between Germany and Russia was still going on, passing illegally through Scandinavia, Since August 1915, this trade had amounted to 11.22 million rubles.

On 1 August, on the Western and Southwest Fronts, the Russian offensive into Austro-Hungarian territory was being repulsed at the Stokhod River and northeast of Kovel. In Greece, a Russian Brigade arrived at Salonika.

The German High Command moved Oberost HQ from Kovno to Brest-Litovsk. Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff arrived to take over command. In early August, General von Winckler relieved General von Gallwitz as commander of the German 11th Army.

On 2 August, on the Western Front, the German 10th Army was repulsed during a gas attack in the Smorgon sector. On the Southwest Front, there was hard fighting east of Kovel.

On 3 August, the Romanian Army ordered reserve units called to the colors.

On 4 August, on the Southwest Front, Sakharov's Russian 11th Army defeated the enemy along the Graberka and Sereth Rivers, taking 8,000 prisoners. The Germans retook Rudka-Mirynska.

On 6 August, in Great Britain, 3,000 Russian troops landed in Scotland and were sent to France for service on the Allied Western Front.

On 7 August, on the Southwest Front, Shcherbachev's Russian 7th Army occupied Monstriyska, capturing 2,000 prisoners. The Russians seized Tlumacz, 19 km from Stanislau, taking another 2,000 prisoners. The Russian 9th Army opened a drive on the newly formed Army Group Kovess south of the Dniester River, forcing it back some 32 km. Enemy aircraft heavily attacked Russian targets east of the Stokhod.

 
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On 8 August, on the Southwestern Front, the Russian Guard Army re-opened an offensive in a northwesterly direction between Velitsk and Bolshoi Porsk, 13 km northwest of Sokal, south of Kovel, with the Russian 3rd Army covering their right flank against von Linsingen's Army Group and Gronau's Army Group.

On the Southwest Front, Russian forces captured the town of Tysmienica, 9 km east southeast of Stanislau, capturing 7,400 prisoners of the Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army.

During the course of the war, the Austro-Hungarian armies were especially hard hit by large numbers of their troops allowing themselves to be taken prisoner by the Russians. There were various non-Austrian ethnic groups, especially Czechs and Slovaks, within the Dual-Monarchy who saw themselves as oppressed peoples.

On 8 August, at Tsarskoe Selo, the Empress wrote a letter to the Tsar saying “Our Friend (Rasputin) finds (it is) better one should not advance too obstinately as the losses will be too great.” Her stream of irate letters called for halts to operations.

On 9 August, in North Russia, the Russian ship Kovda was sunk on a mine laid by a German submarine hear the mouth of the White Sea, northwest of Aleksandrovsk.

On the Southwest Front, Bezobrasov's Russian Guard Army had utterly failed in its short-lived offensive, losing some 55,000 men in a catastrophic defeat.

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 7th and 9th Armies resumed their attacks, compelling Archduke Karl's Austro-Hungarians to rapidly retire west of Stanislau.

On 10 August, on the Southwest Front, the Russian 9th Army entered Stanislau, taking some 8,500 prisoners. The Russians crossed the Zlota Lipa River, advancing on Halicz. By mid-August, on the Southwest Front, the Russians had taken over 358,000 prisoners.

In Romania, one hundred railway wagons of munitions arrived from Russia.

On 11 August, on the Southwest Front, the Russian 11th Army advanced in a southerly direction, forcing Bothmer's German Sudarmee to retreat from the line they had held all winter. The Corps des Autos Canons Mitrailleurs – Armee Belge (Belgian Armored Car Division), supporting the Russian 11th Army, suffered 15% casualties during the fighting at Zborov, near Tarnopol.

In the Black Sea, three German seaplanes from Varna made a reconnaissance flight over the Romanian port at Constanza. Russian warships laid over 150 mines off Adaljiklar, and another 160 north of Hissar Kaiasi on the 20th.

 

 
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On their visit to Vienna, German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg and Secretary of State von Jagow held meetings with Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Count Burian. They finally reached agreement on the creation of an independent kingdom of Poland having an hereditary constitutional monarch. Austro-Hungarian dependence on German military assistance forced Burian to make concessions regarding trade and customs. The Germans were to control Suwalki province. It was agreed that immediate steps should be taken to create a separate Polish army under German command.

On 12 August, on the Western Front, flights of German aircraft carried out bombing raids in the region of Novo Grodek, Gorodishche and Stolbtsy on the Minsk railway line.

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 9th Army captured Nadworna. The Russians also occupied Mariampol. The Russian 7th Army seized Monasterzyska, forcing the German Sudarmee to evacuate the entire line, pulling back from the Strypa to the Zlota Lipa in an effort to defend Lemberg.

On 12 August, on the Russian Front, Central Powers losses have mounted to 750,000 men. Brusilov's overall losses totalled 450,000 men. Russian reserves were reduced from 400,000 to 100,000 men.

On 13 August, on the Western Front, German attacks were repulsed on the Stokhod River.

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 7th Army was holding a front west of Zborov, on the line Lishnev – Duby - Zvijen.

On 14 August, the Romania Army was mobilized. Its strength was to be 850,000 men, with another 200,000 troops in reserve. There were to be a total of 23 infantry divisions, 366 battalions, and two cavalry divisions, with 106 squadrons. In reality Romania was totally unprepared, having antiquated weapons and aeroplanes, and only 500 machine guns. Their naval forces consisted of only four armored monitors, one protected cruiser, and several gun boats and patrol ships for service on the Danube River and off the coast. General M.A. Belyaev represented the Russians at King Ferdinand's HQ in Bucharest. Take Ionescu was the Romanian War Minister.

On the Southwest Front, German aircraft carried out reconnaissance flights from Poryzk, covering Lutsk, Rovno, and Dubno. Two Russian airfields were photographed at Lutsk.

On the Caucasian Front, troops of Turkish General Mustafa Kemal drove the Russians back and retook the Anatolian towns of Bitlis and Mush in the Lake Van area. In North Persia, the Turkish offensive continued west of Hamadan.

 
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