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WarChron - Romanian Front Operations |
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The Year 1917
During July, in the Crimea, establishment of the Tartar Nationalist Party and the Kadet Party. At Orenburg, opening of a Bashkir Cossack Congress, which demanded Bashkir autonomy.
During July, the German Army reported that 18,000 troops were under arrest for insubordination.
At the end of July, the German long range giant R-plane aviation unit Rfa 500 left its base at Alt-Auz in Kurland for return to Doberitz in Germany. In Germany, the German Army Airship Service was officially dissolved.
In late July, at Riga, the Latvian National Congress presented demands for autonomy to the Provisional Government, but it was not granted before the Germans took Riga on 3 September.
In early August, at Petrograd, Polkovnik Sidorin, a member of the Alliance of Army and Navy Officers, was appointed Chief of the Republican Center Military Section. The Center would later play a role in supporting the various anti-Bolshevik (White) movements that sprang up after the Bolshevik revolution.
During early August, the former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral A.V. Kolchak, with Chief of Staff Kapitan Smirnov, left Russia on a voyage to America. They eventually arrived in Washington on 10 September. While in America, Kolchak gave lectures on mining operations at Naval institutions and explored the possibility of an American amphibious operation in the Dardanelles.
On 1 August, in Rome, Pope Benedict XV issued a Peace Note to all belligerents on the basis of no annexations and no indemnities.
On 2 August, at Petrograd, Kerenskiy submitted his resignation, which forced a joint session of the Provisional Government and Central Committees of the main political parties, which excluded the Bolsheviks. On the 4th they agreed that Kerenskiy be allowed to form a Third Coalition Provisional Government.
General V.N. Gorbatovskiy resigned as commander of the Russian 12th Army. He was replaced by General R.D. Radko-Dmitriev.
On the Northern Front, the last mission of German giant R-plane unit, Rfa 501, which now began its transfer to the Allied Western Front.
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On 2-3 August, in Germany, sailors aboard the battleship Prinz Regent at Wilhelmshaven called for an end to the war. Seventy five were imprisoned, of which two ringleaders were executed.
On 3 August, on the Southwest Front, Austro-German forces captured Czernowitz in Galicia and Kimpolung in Bukowina, taking 30,000 prisoners. Within a fortnight they occupied all of Galicia, except a strip near Brody and the Bukowina provinces.
The Belgian Armored Car Division assisted the Russians during their retreat via Tarnopol, Volochyst and Trembowla. The Belgians then moved to Romania for rest. In December, they traveled to Kiev, and on 4 March 1918 began the move to Vladivostok on the Trans-Siberian Railway for their return to the Allied Western Front.
On 4 August, on the Southwest Front, the Russians briefly rallied and attacked the enemy on the Zbrucz River, while elsewhere the Russian retreat continued.
On the Romanian Front, von Mackensen's Germans launched an offensive at Marasheshti on the Sereth. Russian first line regiments retreated. Romanian troops plugged the line near Tecuci in heavy fighting. At Jasi, the Romanian Council of War vowed to continue operations.
At Paris, the French Government announced an order to form a Czechoslovak Army.
On 5 August, on the Southwest Front, the Austro-Germans were now 16 km east of Czernowitz. On the Bukowina Front, they had occupied Vama.
On 6 August, on the Northern Front, German aircraft attacked military facilities at the mouth of the Dvina River, and on Oesel Island in the Gulf of Riga.
On the Southwest Front, the Austro-German drive in Bukowina had reached the area of Suczawa, 30 km southeast of Radautz.
On 6 August, on the Romanian Front, von Mackensen's counter-offensive north of Focsani halted the Russian-Romanian drive. The Russian 4th Army began falling back.
On the Romanian Front, the Romanian General Staff ordered their 1st Army, now east of the Sereth below Tecuci, to cross the river and replace units of the Russian 4th Army which were leaving on their way to Bukowina. The 2nd Army was to extend its front north of the Oituz highway to Doftana to replace the Russian XXXX Corps.
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On the Romanian Front, von Mackensen's forces moved on Marasheshti. In heavy fighting the Russians fled in confusion as the Romanians moved to stem the German advance. The Romanians, misinformed by the Russians, advanced on Ciushlea only to be met by withering German fire, forcing them to retire with heavy losses.
In Berlin, a new German Foreign Ministry was announced. Foreign Minister Zimmerman was dismissed and replaced with Dr. Richard von Kühlmann.
On 6-7 August, at Petrograd, Kerenskiy formed a new National Ministry, with sugar magnate M.I. Tereshchenko as Foreign Minister. This was the beginning of the Third Coalition Government.
On 7 August, on the Romanian Front, von Mackensen 's forces crossed the Susitza River, taking 3,000 prisoners. In heavy fighting the Germans opened a gap between Russian units, forcing them to fall back. By the 11th, the Romanians had managed to stop the drive.
On 8 August, in the Baltic Sea, Russian submarine Vepr torpedoed and sank the German ship Friedrich Carow in the Gulf of Bothnia.
On the Western Front, there was heavy fighting in the Kovel sector.
On the Romanian Front, Russian and Romanian troops retired from the Trotus Valley, southwest of Ocna.
At Kiev, the Ukrainian Boghdan Khmelnitskiy Regiment left for the front. Some soldiers were killed and wounded during an incident with Russian troops at a railway station.
On 9 August, on the Romanian Front, von Mackensen's offensive threatened Russian and Romanian communication lines.
In Austria-Hungary, Count Esterhazy resigned as Hungarian Prime Minister.
In Berlin, a German foreign policy conference resolved that Finland and Ukraine should be helped to achieve their independence, but only through their own efforts, with indirect influence from Germany.
On 10 August, on the Romanian Front, von Mackensen's forces moved beyond the Susitza River.
At Tsarskoe Selo, Kerensky visited the former Tsar and announced his family was to be transferred to Tobolsk in Siberia. They arrived there on the 19th. During September, two new commissars arrived in Tobolsk and increased the severity of their treatment.
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© WARCHRON 2007
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