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WarChron - Grand Duke Aleksandr Mikhailovich to Command Air Fleet |
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The Year 1915
On 10 January, in Berlin, Alexander Helphand (known as Parvus) met with the German Foreign Affairs Minister, submitting a document “Preparations in View of a Mass Political Strike in Russia,” which was designed to paralyze the Russian Empire.
On 11 January, Germany and Turkey signed an extended alliance treaty, which Austria-Hungary finally signed on 21 March. On the 11th and 12th, Falkenhayn held discussions at Breslau and Posen with Conrad, Linsingen, Hoffmann, Hindenburg and Ludendorff.
In Vienna, German Ambassador Tschirschky held talks with Count Tisza and Graf Berchtold to discuss possible moves Austria-Hungary could make to buy off Italy with territorial concessions. Tisza requested that Emperor Franz Josef remove Berchtold as Foreign Minister. On the 12th, Berchtold resigned and was succeeded by former Finance Minister Baron Stefan Burian.
On 12 January, in East Prussia, the Russians captured several villages near Rosog. German Commander in Chief Erich von Falkenhayn visited Oberost HQ at Posen.
On the Southwest Front, the first wartime use of air-to-ground wireless to direct artillery fire, as an Austro-Hungarian Flik 1 Albatros B.I successfully spotted battery fire on Russian railway supply lines at Tarnow.
From 12-14 January 1915, in the Baltic Sea, Russian warships laid almost 300 mines in three separate barriers.
In Armenia, Russian and Turkish troops were in heavy fighting at Kara Urgan. Turkish troops occupied Tabriz in Persia.
On 13 January, the Russian Army reported the loss of 13,899 officers and 482,000 rank and file since the beginning of the war.
In London, at the urging of the Russians, the British War Council authorized a naval expedition in February to bombard and take the Gallipoli peninsula, with the Turkish capital, Constantinople, and the opening of the Straits as its objective.
On 14 January, the Russian Northwest Front had 100 operational and 26 non-operational aircraft. The Southwest Front had 96 operational and 35 non-operational aircraft. The Caucasian Army had 13 operational aircraft and one not able to fly. There were now 23 Russian aviation units at the fronts.
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The Year 1915
On 15 January, German Oberost (Eastern Front Command) received four corps from Army Reserve, which formed the German 10th Army, under the command of General von Eichhorn.
On the Caucasian Front, the Russians took 4,000 Turkish prisoners near Kara Urgan. Russian General Yudenich notified the British that their support was unnecessary.
Empress Alexandra's close friend and confidant, Anna Vyrubova, was critically injured in a train accident on the way from Tsarskoe Selo to Petrograd. Rasputin visited her the next day in the hospital. He claimed she would survive but be crippled. These actions restored his relations with the Empress. Anna Vyrubova would act as a constant link between them.
On 16 January, in Poland, the Russians continued their advance on the Lower Vistula.
On the Southwest Front, the Russian 8th Army occupied the Kirlibaba pass in the Carpathian Mountains, continuing to threaten eastern Hungary.
On 18 January, on the Caucasian Front, the Turks were being driven back west of the Chorok River in Armenia.
Grand Duke Aleksandr Mikhailovich was appointed commander of the Russian Military Air Fleet, with the position of Inspector of Aviation. An Aviation Board (AVIADARM) was established at Stavka.
Italy informed the German Ambassador in Rome, Prince Bülow, that the formula to deal with the Irredentists problem in Trient and Trieste must be fully dealt with before Italy would fully declare her neutrality.
On 19 January, on the Allied Western Front, German airships carried out their first raid on Britain.
On 20 January, the Russians took Skempe in northwest Poland.
On the Southwest Front, the Russian 8th Army continued their advance in the Bukovina on a line of the Dukla - Laborcz Passes. The Russians repulsed Austro-Hungarian attacks at the Kiribila Pass.
On 21 January, von Falkenhayn agreed that the offices of the German War Minister and Chief of Staff should be separated, with General von Hohenborn, QM General to assume the post of War Minister.
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The Year 1915
On 22 January, on the Northwest Front, General A.E. Churin replaced Pleve as the chief of the Russian 5th Army, with HQ at Mala Ves. General Pleve was to form a new 12th Army, positioned on the Narew River line across the East Prussian salient.
On 22 January, at Petrograd, the Tsar closed the State Duma.
On the Southwest Front, strongly reinforced Austro-Hungarians recaptured Kiribila Pass in the Carpathians.
On 23 January, the Austro-Hungarians launched a counter-offensive in the Carpathians which lasted only three days, but they managed to capture Uszok Pass. Their 3rd Army and the German Südarmee were stalled in three foot deep mountain snows. Only von Pflanzar-Baltin's Austro-Hungarian 7th Army made any significant advance, pushing the Russians toward the Dniester River.
On the Caucasian Front, two Turkish divisions were defeated by the Russians at Khorsan.
On 24 January, in the Baltic Sea, German armored cruiser Prinz Adalbert, intending to bombard Libau, ran aground near Steinort and was re-floated. After midnight on the 25th, the cruiser Augsburg struck a mine and had to be towed. Later in the same day the cruiser Gazelle lost both propellers on mines and had to be towed.
In the Black Sea, enemy cruisers Breslau and Goeben made sorties from the Bosporus to bombard Poti. They escaped action with Russian cruisers east of Sinope on the 27th.
On 25 January, Russian Northwest Front Chief of Staff General V.A. Oranovskiy was replaced by General A.A. Gulevich from the 9th Army.
In the Baltic Sea, German airship PL.19 (a navy airship with army crew), commanded by Oberleutnant Meier, was brought down by heavy icing and engine failure eleven km off Libau. Two Russian destroyers shelled the downed craft and the crew of seven surrendered.
On the Northwest Front, the Russians advanced in the Pilkallen district in East Prussia.
On the Southwest Front, there was hard fighting in the Carpathian Mountains.
The Kaiser received the new Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Count Burian at the German GHQ.
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© WARCHRON 2007
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