The Year 1915

On 30 January, in northwest Poland, a German advance was driven back near Lipno.

Russian Southwest Front commander General N.I. Ivanov launched an 8th Army offensive to move on the Carpathian Mountain Passes.

Iin Persia, the Russians defeated the Turks at Sufian, driving them back from Tabriz.

On 31 January, von Mackensen's German 9th Army, using gas shells for the first time in the East, made a diversionary attack at Bolimov, 64 km west of Warsaw. It was to cover their Masurian Lakes offensive further north. Due to the freezing weather the gas had little effect. The Russians failed to consider its use worth reporting to the Allies.

On 1 February, in Poland, there was continued heavy fighting near Bolimov, west of Warsaw, with the Russians slowly gaining ground. On the Southwest Front, the Russian 8th Army advanced in the Carpathians from Dukla Pass to the Upper San River.

Italy informed the German Ambassador in Rome that “so long as Austria-Hungary did not accept the cession of territory as the basis of negotiation, Italy would refuse to make concrete suggestions or exclude either Trentino, Trieste, Istria or anything else.”

On 2 February, in Poland, heavy fighting continued near Bolimov on the Rava River. In East Prussia, blizzards and intense cold prevented all reconnaissance flights.

In southwest Poland, the Russian 4th Army, led by General Evert, faced the Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army and von Woyrsch's German forces.

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 3rd Army, led by General Radko-Dimitriev, held the line of the Dunajec River east of Krakau against the Austro-Hungarian 4th Army.

The Germans loaned the equivalent of three million pounds to Bulgaria, hoping it would influence her to join the Central Powers.

On 3 February, in Poland, the Russians recovered Gumin near Bolimov.

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 8th Army withdrew from the Beskid and Tucholka Passes, but advanced near Uzsok Pass.