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WarChron - Women's Battalion of Death

 

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The Year 1917

In Budapest, Count Moricz Esterhazy became the Hungarian Prime Minister. He quickly formed a new government and promised electoral reforms.

On 15 June, on the Southwest Front, the British RNAS Armored Car Squadron arrived in Galicia in preparation for the July offensive.

In the Baltic Sea Fleet, Vice Admiral A.S. Maksimov was replaced as commander by Rear Admiral D.N. Verderevskiy.

On the Romanian Front, the Russian 9th Army, with HQ at Roman, held the line south of Czernowitz in Bukowina to Ocna; the Romanian 2nd Army took up positions from Ocna to Iveshti; the Russian 4th Army, with HQ at Barlad, held a line south along the Sereth River to Vultureni; the Romanian 1st Army, still being reconstituted, held the front line to Serbeshti; then the Russian 6th Army, with HQ at Bolgrad, held front along the Danube. The Russian 9th Army had been saturated with Bolshevik propaganda and was very unreliable.

On 16 June, at Petrograd, opening of a ten day All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, attended by delegates from 43 front and 17 rear units.The Bolsheviks had 100 of the 781 delegates. It was dominated by Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, who gave their support to the Provisional Government and refused the Bolshevik demand for an end to the war and transfer of power to the Soviets. On the 26th, the Congress adopted a resolution that conditionally approved the upcoming offensive. The Bolsheviks were accused of "military conspiracy." Strikes and demonstrations were held in many cities.

At Petrograd, an agreement was drawn up between Kerenskiy and the Ukrainian Rada, with the Provisional Government recognizing the Rada as the National Association of the Ukraine.

On 16/17 June, in the Black Sea, Russian motor boats laid eighty mines at the mouth of the Bosporus.

In Poland, the Polish Socialist Party decided to come out in opposition to the occupying powers.

On 17 June, in North Russia, the Russian cruiser Askold arrived at Murmansk after having been repaired in Britain. She had previously served in the Mediterranean Sea.and was now to be used to screen convoys between Arkhangelsk and Bodo in Norway against German submarines.

On 18 June, in the Baltic Sea, Russian submarine AG.15 was sunk by accident during submergence tests. She was eventually raised and returned to service.



 
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On 19 June, at Sevastopol, Bolshevik agents succeeded in persuading the Council of Soldiers', Sailors' and Workers' to pass resolutions refusing to pledge allegiance to the Provisional Government, and to strip all authority and arms from officers.

Admiral Kolchak was forced to resign his command of the Black Sea Fleet. Rear Admiral P.I. Lukin temporarily took over, later replaced by Kapitan 1-go ranga M.I. Smirnov, until Admiral A.V. Nemits finally took over command in August.

On 20 June, at Sevastopol, arrival of American Rear Admiral James Glennon (head of a naval section of the U.S. Mission to Russia), who gave a speech to delegates of the Council of Soldiers', Sailors' and Workers', which then decided to reverse in large part their vote of the previous day. They offered their support to the Provisional Government and restore arms and authority to fleet officers, as well as arrest agitators. But they would not allow Kolchak to be returned to his post.

On 21 June, General Gurko, former Western Front commander, was attached to Stavka, but then went on leave to a Caucasian spa to take the waters. He never returned to duty, was arrested on 17 August and later exiled.

At Petrograd, War Minister Kerenskiy reviewed the newly formed Womens' Death Battalion, about 300 young women, 18-25 years old, led by Poruchik Buichkarov. They distinguished themselves during July at the front. It was felt that by having women serve in combat at the front it would put to shame those men who refused to fight, but it had little or no effect.

On 23 June, the Petrograd Soviet prohibited all demonstrations.

On 24 June, at Sevastopol, there was a mutiny of seamen in the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

At Kiev, adoption of an autonomous constitution of the Ukraine. Two days later the All-Ukrainian Military Congress convened.

On 24/25 June, in the Black Sea, German cruiser Breslau laid 70 mines off the Danube delta. A raiding party briefly occupied Fidonisi Island, where they destroyed the radio station and lighthouse, and took eleven prisoners. The Breslau exchanged gunfire with the pursuing Russian battleship Svobodnaya Rossiya and large destroyer Gnevnyi, but she managed to safely reach the Bosporus. The skirmish was the last action between warships in the Black Sea.

On 25 June, at Novocherkassk, Kuban Ataman Filimonov and Terek Ataman Karaulov held meetings with Don Ataman General Kaledin about their possible union.

 


 
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On 25/26 June, in the Black Sea, four Russian Elipidifor (specially built low draft landing craft) laid 220 mines unobserved northeast of the entrance to the Bosporus. The Elipidifor's were armed with two 120 mm guns, could carry 250 mines, and land large groups of Plastun troops on beaches by two gangplanks overhung from the bow. They could also be used as minelayers, minesweepers, cargo transports and rescue vessels. As many as thirty such craft were built.

On 26 June, at Moscow, Kerensky left for Stavka at Mogilev, having set a date of 1 July for the opening of the offensive.

At Kiev, the Ukrainian Rada's First Universal, addressed to the “peasants, workers, and toiling people” of Ukraine, declared that Petrograd had rejected them, and proclaimed an autonomous Ukrainian People's Republic without separation from the Russian state. Simon Petlyura was appointed as Secretary of Military. Vinnichenko was elected president.

During the summer about 300,000 Ukrainian soldiers were allowed to organize themselves into all-Ukrainian units, which swore allegiance to the Central Rada at Kiev. General Pavlo Skorpadskiy offered to place a Ukrainian Corps of 40,000 men at the disposal of the Rada, but his offer was rejected as he was considered a rich landowner and untrustworthy.

In North Persia, Russian troops captured Serdesht.

On 27 June, on the Southwest Front, the Czech Druzhina was transferred with the XLIX Corps to the Jezierna sector to act as reserves.

On 29 June, at Petrograd, Provisional Government Prime Minister Prince George Lvov appealed to the Ukrainian people, pointed out that the revolution was in danger, reassuring them that they were part of a free Russia, and promising them self-government.

At Petrograd , opening of a seven day conference of local Bolshevik military organizations.

On the Southwest Front, at Tarnopol, War Minister Kerenskiy issued orders for the Southwest offensive to open on 1 July. Beginning of a two day bombardment of enemy positions.

On 30 June, on the Northern Front, over 1,000 Russians guns bombarded German lines.

On the Southwest Front, there was very heavy artillery action in Galicia.

In the Black Sea, Russian torpedo boat destroyer Leitenant Zatsarenniy was sunk on mines laid by the Breslau, southeast of Fidonisi Island.


 
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