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WarChron - Bolsheviks Overthrow Government

 

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The Year 1917

During the existence of the Provisional Government, since mid-March 1917, nine billion rubles in paper money had been printed. This equaled all the paper money that had been printed since the beginning of the reign of Tsar Nicholas II in 1894.

At Paris, Thomas Masaryk gave instructions that the Czecho-Slovak Legion should remain neutral and not become involved in Russian internal affairs.

On 8 November, at Petrograd, at 0230 hours the Winter Palace was captured by Red Guards. All Ministers were arrested. The first official act of the new Soviet government was to issue a "Decree of Peace," which proposed to all governments and people's "Peace on the basis of no annexations or indemnities." The Allies began to see the Bolsheviks as German puppets. The MRC sent telegrams to all fronts, announcing, "The Garrison and People of Petrograd have overthrown the Provisional Government of Kerenskiy, and pending the formation of a Government of Soviets, it has assigned authority to the MRC.” A second decree on land announced the abolishment of large estates.

Lenin was elected as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, with Trotsky as the Commissar for Foreign Affairs, with military and naval matters handled by a committee composed of Antonov, Krylenko and Dybenko. Red Guards seized power in Vladimir, Kazan, Yaroslavl and Samara. Red Guards were fighting to take control at Smolensk, which was finally taken on the 13th.

At Minsk, the Bolsheviks lost control of the city to loyal Cossacks, On the 19th, Red Guards, using an armored train, retook the city.

Near Tsarskoe Selo, Red Guards stiffened their resistance to an advance by General Krasnov's Cossacks on Petrograd. Red Guards controlled the railway and were able to halt any troop movements in the area.

At Stavka, orders were issued for the 1st Czecho-Slovak Division to proceed from Kiev to Petrograd to face the Germans. The orders were ignored.

In the Black Sea, seamen of the Russian Fleet at Sevastopol learned news of the Bolshevik takeover in Petrograd. Fleet commander Admiral Nemits issued order that all units must obey only the orders of Tsentroflot (Central Committee of the Black Sea Fleet). The move signaled the end of Russian naval operations in the theatre. Only several large destroyers were actually capable of any action, many other warships were badly in need of or under repairs. Many sailors of the Black Sea Fleet had been revolutionized by propaganda and were in no mood to obey orders.



 
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On 9 November, in Petrograd area, General P.N. Krasnov's Cossack Squadron of the III Cavalry Corps, occupied Gatchina and Tsarskoe Selo. Savinkov escaped from the capitol, joining Krasnov's force at Gatchina on the 10th.

At Petrograd, Lenin and the Military Revolutionary Committee held power in the capital. The Soviets issued an appeal for support of the army. A Government of People's Commissars was formed, with Lenin as President, Trotsky as Commissar for Foreign Affairs, while Military and Naval Affairs were in the hands of a committee composed of Antonov, Krylenko and Dybenko.

At San Francisco, Russian Admiral Kolchak left for Vladivostok onboard the Japanese steamship Mario Maru, on his return to Russia.

On 10 November, at Petrograd, opening of the Second All-Russian Congress. The Bolsheviks formed a coalition administration with radical SR's and Left SR's. Red Guards seized control in Tver, a key industrial center. A Soviet decree allotted local supply work to municipalities, along with the right to requisition and confiscate any premises.

At Moscow, heavy fighting began throughout the city. Red Guards seized control on the 15th after heavy fighting.

At Kiev, Officer Cadets were able to defeat the local Red Military Revolutionary Committee, as the Bolsheviks attempted an uprising, the signal for which had been given by a Voisin aircraft with a large Red flag flown over the city. The Reds were driven from the city and made their way to Kharkov. Southwest Front army units began to dissolve themselves and head for home.

At Novocherkassk, arrival of General A.M. Kaledin at the capitol of the Don. He began efforts to form Don (White) military units to combat local Bolsheviks and Red Guards.

At Berlin, the Government approved the request of the Foreign Ministry to the Treasury for fifteen million marks for use on political propaganda in Russia. It was estimated that another 30-50 million gold marks were handed directly to the Bolshevik Foreign Ministry by the German Legation in Stockholm.

On 11 November, in Petrograd, Junkers (young officer-cadets) of the Military College and the Engineers Castle, provoked by false rumors of a Bolshevik collapse, left their academies and took over a few public buildings and the central telephone exchange. They were brutally massacred by Reds Guards. Red Guards ordered the Putilov Works to complete the building of armored trains and armored cars that were already under construction.

 


 
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