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The Year 1915

Sometime during March, Russian State Duma President Rodzianko visited the 3rd Army HQ for a first hand assessment of supply problems. He found evidence of departmental chaos, intrigue and personal rivalry between the War Minister and Grand Duke Sergei, who headed the Artillery Department. Soon after his visit, Rodzianko visited Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich at Stavka, telling him that it would soon be impossible for Russia to continue the war, “for one cannot lead to victory troops who are without boots, without rifles, without shells.” The Tsar returned to his family at Tsarskoe Selo.

On 25 March, on the Southwest Front, a Russian counter-offensive made some progress in the Carpathians as they took 5,700 prisoners.

On the Caucasian Front, the Russians defeated a Turkish drive on Aradabi.

On 26 March, on the Southwest Front, the Russians captured Lupkow Pass in the Carpathians.

On 27 March, on the Northwest Front, the Russians repulsed German attacks in the Niemen area.

On 28 March, the Germans attempted a renewal of an offensive in north Poland.

In the Baltic Sea, German warships bombarded the port at Libau, repeating their attack three days later.

At Tsarskoe Selo, tentative word of an Austro-Hungarian peace proposal found its way to the Tsar and was ignored.

In the Black Sea, a Russian squadron consisting of five battleships, two cruisers, and ten destroyers, bombarded Turkish forts at the mouth of the Bosporus.

On 29 March, in the Baltic Sea, German seaplane carrier Glyndwr, with two to four floatplanes, arrived at Memel. On 4 June she was damaged and sent for repairs. She carried out operations in the Irben Straits from 16-18 June.

On the Northwest Front, German forces under von Pappritz took the town of Tauroggen, northeast of Tilsit.

On the Southwest Front, the Russians advanced in the Carpathians in the direction of Ungvar.

 
Emblem

The Year 1915

On 30 March, on the Southwest Front, Brusilov's Russian 8th Army advance in the Carpathians threatened the Hungarian plains. Attacks were centered on Lupkow, Uszok and Dukla passes.

The German Beskid Corps was thrown into action to support the Austro-Hungarians. Russian Stavka retired General Ruzskiy as commander of their Northwest Front due to illness. He was replaced by General M.K. Alekseev, the former Chief of Staff of the Southwest Front. General V.M. Dragomirov replaced Alekseev as Chief of Staff on the Southwest Front.

In the Black Sea, Russian flying boats from seaplane carrier Nikolai I bombed the Turkish port of Zonguldak.

On 31 March, on the Southwest Front, there was very heavy fighting in the Carpathians.

During March, Russian Socialist Aleksandr Helphand (Parvus), working for the Germans, received over two millions marks to fund plans to subvert Russia by using propaganda and a press campaign to foment general strikes. In early July, Helphand received an additional five million marks.

On 1 April, the Russian advance in western Poland was checked. The Russians made small progress in the Carpathians. On the Caucasian Front, Russian troops occupied Tsaria.

The German High Command convinced the War Ministry to separate the Inspectorate of Flying Troops (IDFLIEG) from the Inspectorate of Aviation and Motor Vehicles. This move removed control of German aviation from the transportation bureaucracy. IDFLIEG was commanded by Colonel Walther von Eberhardt. Major Hermann von der Lieth-Thomsen was appointed Chief of Field Aviation Affairs (under the High Command), which would later established staff positions to coordinate aviation activities at the front. IDFLIEG headquarters was set up at Charleville, with a small staff of 10 officers and 28 men.

Italy began secret movements of troops towards the Austro-Hungarian frontier.

On 2 April, the Austro-Hungarians offered Italy rectifications along the Trentino frontier, hoping their conciliatory move would prevent Italy from entering the war on the Allied side.

On 3 April, on the Southwest Front, there was heavy fighting north of Czernowitz. Russian attacks were being repulsed in the Carpathians.

In the Black Sea, the Turkish cruiser Medjidieh was mined and sunk off Odessa (in June she was re-floated by the Russians and from end of October was named as Prut). Russian warships engaged the Goeben and Breslau off Sevastopol in an inconclusive engagement.


 
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